Energy Efficient Design of Processes
What it means:
This is about designing industrial and chemical processes in such a way that they use less energy and give more output. The goal is to save energy, reduce waste, and lower pollution.
Example:
Instead of heating the whole room to make a reaction happen, design a method that heats only the required part or uses a catalyst that works at room temperature.
Photo, Electro and Sono Chemical Methods
These are three different green methods used in chemical processes to reduce environmental harm.
a) Photochemical Methods (Light-based reactions):
What it means:
These use sunlight or artificial light to start or speed up chemical reactions. This helps avoid high heat or toxic chemicals.
Example:
Using sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen – clean energy without pollution.
b) Electrochemical Methods (Electricity-based reactions):
What it means:
These use electricity to drive chemical changes. It often replaces harmful chemical reagents.
Example:
Using electricity to coat metal surfaces (electroplating) or for water treatment without adding chemicals.
c) Sonochemical Methods (Ultrasound-based reactions):
What it means:
These use ultrasound waves to create bubbles that help break molecules and make reactions happen faster and cleaner.
Example:
Ultrasound-assisted cleaning or synthesis of nanoparticles in medicine or electronics.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis
What it means:
This method uses microwave energy (like in a microwave oven) to heat chemicals. It makes the reaction faster, uses less energy, and produces fewer by-products.
Why it's green:
- Less use of solvents (which are often toxic).
- Short reaction times.
- High product yield.
Example:
Making medicines or materials in a lab using microwave reactors instead of traditional heating.
Eco-friendly and Cost-effective Materials
What it means:
These are materials that are safe for the environment, non-toxic, renewable, and also affordable.
Examples:
- Bamboo: grows fast and can replace plastic or wood.
- Biodegradable plastics: made from corn starch or sugarcane.
- Natural dyes: instead of harmful synthetic dyes.
Importance:
Using such materials reduces waste, pollution, and production cost.
Recyclable and Environment Friendly Materials
What it means:
Materials that can be used again after recycling, and do not harm the environment during use or after disposal.
Examples:
- Glass: can be melted and reshaped again and again.
- Aluminum cans: fully recyclable with less energy than making new ones.
- Paper: can be recycled several times.
Why important:
Reduces landfill waste, saves natural resources, and promotes a circular economy.
Green Production Systems
What it means:
These are manufacturing systems that follow green principles, such as:
- Using renewable energy (solar, wind).
- Producing less waste.
- Using non-toxic chemicals.
- Designing products that are easy to recycle.
Examples:
- A factory that uses solar panels and reuses water.
- Producing electric vehicles with recyclable parts.
Goal:
To make industry more sustainable, safe, and clean for the future.
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