Cleaner Development Mechanism (CDM)
- It is a process under the Kyoto Protocol that allows developed countries to invest in environment-friendly projects in developing countries.
- These projects help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- In return, the developed countries get carbon credits, which they can use to meet their own emission reduction targets.
- Example: A company in the US funds a solar plant in India, reducing pollution. The US company gets carbon credits.
Role of Industry in Green Technology
- Industries play a big part in pollution. So, they must adopt green practices.
- They should:
- Use clean energy like solar or wind.
- Produce less waste.
- Reuse materials wherever possible.
- Use energy-efficient machines.
- By doing so, industries can reduce their carbon footprint and help the environment.
Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle (3Rs)
- These are basic principles to manage waste smartly:
- Reduce: Use fewer resources (e.g., saving electricity or water).
- Reuse: Use items again instead of throwing them (e.g., using glass bottles again).
- Recycle: Convert waste into reusable materials (e.g., recycling plastic into chairs).
- Following these reduces pollution and saves natural resources.
Raw Material Substitution
- Replacing harmful or rare raw materials with eco-friendly or abundant alternatives.
- This helps in:
- Reducing environmental harm.
- Saving rare materials.
- Example: Using bamboo instead of plastic or metal for making furniture.
Wealth from Waste
- The idea is to turn waste into useful products.
- Examples:
- Making biogas from food waste.
- Creating pavement tiles from plastic waste.
- Using ash from power plants in cement.
- It reduces waste and generates economic value.
Carbon Credits
- When a company or country reduces 1 ton of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases, they earn 1 carbon credit.
- These credits can be sold or traded.
- It motivates businesses to reduce emissions.
Carbon Trading
- A system where companies buy and sell carbon credits.
- A company that emits more carbon can buy credits from another that emits less.
- Encourages all to keep emissions under control.
Carbon Sequestration
- A method to capture and store carbon dioxide (CO₂) to prevent it from entering the atmosphere.
- Two types:
- Natural: Trees absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis.
- Artificial: Capturing CO₂ from factories and storing it underground.
Eco-labeling
- A label or mark on products showing that they are environmentally friendly.
- Helps consumers choose green products.
- Example: Products with “Energy Star” label consume less electricity.
Oxidation Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
These are advanced chemical methods to clean dirty water by breaking down harmful substances using oxidation.
a. Cavitation:
- It uses the power of tiny bubbles (formed by pressure changes) in water.
- When these bubbles burst, they create high energy that breaks down pollutants in water.
b. Fenton Chemistry:
- It uses a mix of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and iron salts (Fe²⁺).
- This creates strong oxidants that destroy organic pollutants in wastewater.
c. Photocatalysis:
- Uses light (usually UV) and a catalyst like titanium dioxide (TiO₂).
- When light hits the catalyst, it creates free radicals that break down pollutants.
d. Hybrid Processes:
- Combines two or more of the above methods (like cavitation +
Fenton) for better results.
- Makes water cleaning more efficient and faster.
No comments:
Post a Comment