Perspectives Towards Environment
Perspective towards environment refers to the way humans think about, interact with, and protect the environment.
It focuses on understanding the relationship between humans and nature and the need to protect natural resources for future generations.
Example: Industrial development is important, but it should not cause pollution or environmental damage.
Environmental Justice
Environmental justice means fair treatment of all people in environmental matters, irrespective of their income, caste, race, or location.
- Everyone has the right to a clean and safe environment
- No community should suffer more pollution than others
- Protection of poor and vulnerable communities
Example: Industries should not be located only near poor villages.
Policies for Environmental Protection
Environmental protection policies are rules and laws made by governments to protect the environment and human health.
- Control air, water, and soil pollution
- Protect forests and wildlife
- Promote sustainable development
Example: Pollution control laws for industries.
Environmental Protection Policies – Global Context
At the global level, countries work together to protect the environment because environmental problems affect the whole world.
- Climate change agreements
- Ozone layer protection
- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Examples: Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, UNEP initiatives.
Environmental Protection Policies – Indian Context
India has introduced many laws and policies to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.
- Environment Protection Act, 1986
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
- Wildlife Protection Act
Example: Industries must get environmental clearance before starting projects.
Role of Developing Nations
Developing nations play an important role in environmental sustainability while facing challenges like population growth and industrialization.
- Balance economic development with environmental protection
- Adopt cleaner and greener technologies
- Participate in global environmental agreements
Example: Promoting renewable energy instead of fossil fuels.
Various International Treaties
International treaties are agreements between countries to solve global environmental problems.
- Kyoto Protocol: Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
- Paris Agreement: Limiting global temperature rise
- Montreal Protocol: Protection of the ozone layer
- Convention on Biological Diversity: Conservation of biodiversity
Example: Countries agreed to stop using chemicals that damage the ozone layer.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to study the environmental effects of a project before it starts.
- Identifies possible environmental damage
- Helps in eco-friendly planning
- Protects people and natural resources
Steps in EIA: Project proposal, environmental study, public hearing, and approval or rejection.
Example: EIA is done before building dams, highways, or power plants.
Quick Revision Points
- Environmental perspective shows human attitude towards nature
- Environmental justice ensures equality in environmental protection
- Policies protect environment through laws and rules
- Global and Indian policies work together
- Developing nations must balance growth and sustainability
- International treaties address global environmental issues
- EIA checks environmental impact before projects begin
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