Unit 3 Human Values AKTU Notes | Human Values Notes
Family as the Basic unit of Human Interaction:
The family is the basic unit of human interaction. It gives us both roots to hold and wings to fly. Family includes father, mother, brothers and sisters .Then there are other relations such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces etc.Meaning of Nyaya(Justice):
Justice means recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfillment, the right evaluation of the fulfillment resulting in mutual happiness. Justice concerns itself with the proper ordering of things and people within a society.Elements of justice:
There are four elements:
1). Recognition of values,
2). Fulfillment,
3). Evaluation
4). Mutual happiness ensured, When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured.
1.TRUST(Vishwas): Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. Trust means “To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the
other to be happy and prosperous.”
- Intention : (wanting to – our natural acceptance)
- Competence: (being able to do).
Let’s understand both with an example:
1). Recognition of values,
2). Fulfillment,
3). Evaluation
4). Mutual happiness ensured, When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured.
Values in human relationships:
9 values are there:1.TRUST(Vishwas): Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. Trust means “To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the
other to be happy and prosperous.”
- Intention : (wanting to – our natural acceptance)
- Competence: (being able to do).
Let’s understand both with an example:
The mistake takes place because when I am looking at myself, I see my intention but, when I am looking at the other, I see his competence. As a result I conclude about the intention of the other person based on his competence.
2.Respect: Respect means individuality. Respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am.
Over evaluation – to evaluate more than what it is.
Under evaluation – to evaluate less than what it is.
Otherwise evaluation – to evaluate otherwise than what it is.
• Basis for respect – Proposals: If you respect a human being on the basis of ‘I’, following things are true for every human
being –
1. I want happiness and prosperity, The other too wants to be continuously happy and prosperous!
2. To be happy, I need to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of my living, The other also needs to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of his/ her living!
3. The activities in me (‘I’) are continuous, we can check this for our desires, thoughts and expectations.
• It is the same for the other ‘I’ as well.
• Let us put down these similarities, in order:
1. We both want to have continuous happiness and prosperity,Our basic aspiration is the same.
2. We both need to have the right understanding, which is to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of our living,Our program of action is the same.
3. The activities and powers of the self are continuous and the same in both of us – at the level of ‘I’. Our potential is the same.
• Based on these three evaluations we can conclude that ‘The other is similar to me’.
3.Affection (Sneha): Affection is the feeling of being related to the other.
4. Care (Mamata): The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative.
5. Guidance (Vatsalya): The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative)
6. Reverence (Shraddha): The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence.
7. Glory (Gaurava): Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.
8. Gratitude (Kritagyata): the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence.
9. Love (Prema): Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment, or a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend.
1. When one does not have the right understanding, one remains disturbed and also acts in a manner so as to create disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.
2. Prosperity in the family means that the family is able to identify its needs and is able to produce/achieve more than its requirements.
3. Trust in society means every member of society feels related to everyone else and therefore there is trust and fearlessness.
4. Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and complementarity among all the entities in nature including human beings.
• Let us put down these similarities, in order:
1. We both want to have continuous happiness and prosperity,Our basic aspiration is the same.
2. We both need to have the right understanding, which is to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of our living,Our program of action is the same.
3. The activities and powers of the self are continuous and the same in both of us – at the level of ‘I’. Our potential is the same.
• Based on these three evaluations we can conclude that ‘The other is similar to me’.
Assumed bases for respect today:
3.Affection (Sneha): Affection is the feeling of being related to the other.
4. Care (Mamata): The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative.
5. Guidance (Vatsalya): The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative)
6. Reverence (Shraddha): The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence.
7. Glory (Gaurava): Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.
8. Gratitude (Kritagyata): the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence.
9. Love (Prema): Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment, or a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend.
Harmony in Society – From Family Order to World Family Order:
Society: The set of relations among people, including their social status and roles. In other words, society denotes the people of a region or country, sometime even the world, taken as a whole.Extended relationship from family to society:
Family is the first place to understand our relationships, recognizing the feelings in these relationships live according to these feelings and attain mutual happiness. Harmony in the family is the building block for harmony in the society. Harmony in society leads to an undivided society when we feel related with each and every human being. This is the basis of an undivided society (akhand samaja), a feeling of relatedness with all.Identification of the comprehensive human goal:
1. When one does not have the right understanding, one remains disturbed and also acts in a manner so as to create disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.
2. Prosperity in the family means that the family is able to identify its needs and is able to produce/achieve more than its requirements.
3. Trust in society means every member of society feels related to everyone else and therefore there is trust and fearlessness.
4. Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and complementarity among all the entities in nature including human beings.
Programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goal:
The five dimensions of human endeavour:
1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar)
2. Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyam)
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha)
4. Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya)
5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh)
1.Education – Right Living:
Education = to understand harmony at all four levels of living.
Right living = commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of living.
2. Health – Self Regulation:
Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and, there is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or svasthya.
3. Justice – Preservation:
Justice = ‘Human-Human relation’ – its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation – leading to mutual Happiness.
Preservation = ‘Human- Rest of nature’ relation – its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation – leading to
mutual Prosperity= Enrichment, Protection, Right Utilization of nature.
4. Production – Work:
Work refers to the physical efforts made by humans on the rest of nature, while production refers to the output / physical
produce that is obtained through these efforts. If only we understand the process in nature, we can design our production
systems through application of science and technology in such a way that this mutual fulfillment is better ensured, rather than
disturbing it.
5. Exchange – Storage:
1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar)
2. Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyam)
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha)
4. Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya)
5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh)
1.Education – Right Living:
Education = to understand harmony at all four levels of living.
Right living = commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of living.
2. Health – Self Regulation:
Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and, there is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or svasthya.
3. Justice – Preservation:
Justice = ‘Human-Human relation’ – its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation – leading to mutual Happiness.
Preservation = ‘Human- Rest of nature’ relation – its recognition, fulfillment, evaluation – leading to
mutual Prosperity= Enrichment, Protection, Right Utilization of nature.
4. Production – Work:
Work refers to the physical efforts made by humans on the rest of nature, while production refers to the output / physical
produce that is obtained through these efforts. If only we understand the process in nature, we can design our production
systems through application of science and technology in such a way that this mutual fulfillment is better ensured, rather than
disturbing it.
5. Exchange – Storage:
Exchange – Exchanging of produce for mutual fulfilment. (With a view of mutual fulfilment, not madness of profit)
Storage – Storing of produce after fullfilment of needs. (With a view of right utilization in future, not hoarding)
Health – Self-regulation leads to Prosperity
Justice – Preservation leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence
Production – Work leads to Prosperity and Co-existence
Exchange – Storage leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness
Undivided society (Akhanda samaja) –
Feeling of being related to every human being. Akhand samaj is the state of the society where all people of different religion and thought process live together and work towards betterment of the society.
Universal Human Order (Sarvabhauma Vyavastha) –
Feeling of being related to every unit including human beings and other entities of nature.
How these five dimensions are able to ensure the human goal:
Education – Right living leads to Right understandingHealth – Self-regulation leads to Prosperity
Justice – Preservation leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence
Production – Work leads to Prosperity and Co-existence
Exchange – Storage leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness
Undivided society (Akhanda samaja) –
Feeling of being related to every human being. Akhand samaj is the state of the society where all people of different religion and thought process live together and work towards betterment of the society.
Universal Human Order (Sarvabhauma Vyavastha) –
Feeling of being related to every unit including human beings and other entities of nature.
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